Division Between The North And South - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 670 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? One of the more consistent developments of America at this time was the westward expansion and the growth of the population. Society in the West was more appealing than society in the East. One of the many appealing factors of the West was that is was a democracy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Division Between The North And South" essay for you Create order Western states allowed people to vote and they did so to make the West more attractive for immigrants. Soon enough the East feared that they would lose people to the West so the East promised the people with similar democratic freedoms. Westward expansion did imply the expansion of slavery also. Slavery was already being debated across the country and the Northern states were actively voting to end slavery. Slavery was never banned. Slavery was seen as a profitable source to have so slavery grew within the Southern states as did the demand for cotton. This created a fine division between the North and South. New admission of states created controversy and created division within politics. The Missouri Compromise was constructed to create a greater division amongst states. States below the line were slave states and states above, were free states. This seemed to solve the problem for the time being. The growth and development of the West dictated that soon the West would have to elect a president. When John Quincy Adams emerged, the West had to reconsider whom they would elect following the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Jackson had previously really appealed to the Westerners, being a man of the West himself. Jackson was once again voted into office and it upset the traditionalists. Jackson was to be called the peoples president. Not all of Jacksons decisions made him very likable. Jackson initiated another Indian removal which pushed natives out of their homes. The emergence of democracy during the presidency of Jackson added another element to the reason for expansion. Americans believed they had achieved the highest level of government and naturally, the people wanted to share this higher level government. From these ideas, the Manifest Destiny was born. America was claiming new land with the intentions of promoting democracy. The Manifest Destiny changed politics. A democratic party emerged alongside the Whigs. Whigs were not as happy about the expansion as the Democrats were. During the time of westward expansion in the presidential battle were Clay and Polk. Clay, a Whig, denied taking a stand on the issue of expansion, whereas, Polk, a Democrat, was looking to expand. Whigs had a justifiable reason to oppose expansion. Whigs had a fear that expanding would lead to war and conflict. Polk and the Democrats still encouraged expansion. Polk won the presidency and began expanding soon after. Polk did achieve admitting Texas into the Union, but Mexico was still unhappy and troops from the Union and Mexico met at the border to fight it out. Throughout this time in history, legislation and political leaders were always unpredictable. New legislation was being written, voted unconstitutionally, and changed by whoever took office. There is no doubt that Abraham Lincolns presidency was most effective by trying to abolish the number one labor force in the Union at that time. The Nullification Crisis reinforced the division of the North and South which weakened the established two-party systems. The inability of a leader after leader to come to a compromise placed liberty above the Union and weakened the two-party system. The Dred Scott case brought to the peoples attention that Congress had less power than they had thought. The uncertainty and lack of compromise in politics were not beneficial. America was striving to rise up and achieve upward mobility by the addition of new territory. America was developing into a self-made motherhood. Yet, the division of the North and South, the Missouri Compromise, and Manifest Destiny were acts of legislation that weakened the two-party system. The sectional presidencies could not hold the union together and either could the legislation. Presidencies were struggling to create legislation that would hold the Union together. Although America was expanding, it was falling apart.

The Apostles and the Early Church - 2946 Words

The Apostles and the Early Church J.Trimble GBST 164 In the Gospel of Matthew the term â€Å"apostles† is only used when introducing the list of twelve apostles commissioned to follow Christ. â€Å"Now the names of the twelve Apostles are these: the first, Simon who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alpheus, and Lebbeus, whose surname was Thaddeus; Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him† (Matthew 10:1-4). An apostle is a person sent to accomplish a mission. An apostle represents the one sending and has authority to represent the sender in business, political, or educational situations (T.†¦show more content†¦Gigot). The change of Simon’s name by Jesus was significant. As in the case of Abram, Sarai and Jacob, the change of destiny is indicated by the change of name. This name Cephas is taken from the Aramaic vernacular and corresponds to the Greek Peter , Petros, which means a piece of rock- a mass of rock detached from the living rock (T. Butler). It is a term which becomes a natural emblem of firmness and stability. It may be hard for us to see the fitness of such a name for a man apparently so unstable; but the fitness was perceived by Christ. Peter wavered often, even while under his Master’s eye, and at least once afterward, but he continually became more and more like the â€Å"rock† that Christ wanted him to be and he was indeed a pillar of the church (W.B. Hill). We observe that all the time Christ was with the Twelve, Peter was a leader among them. Occasionally, Christ would select certain ones for special responsibilities; for example: Peter, James and John to witness the raising of Jarius’ daughter, the transfiguration, and the agony in the garden (G. Stokes). Now, why were these particular men selected on these occasions to be the recipients of special privileges and the bearers of the attendant responsibilities? Certainly not because they possessed greater authority than the other apostles, but because hereShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles : Jesus As A Servant Leader914 Words   |  4 Pagesthem you may participate in the divine nature, having escaped the corruption in the world caused by evil desires.† The twelve apostles at the Pentecost were Peter, Andrew, James and John, Matthew, Philip, Thomas, Nathaniel Bartholomew, James son of Alpheus, Jude Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Matthias. The community of disciples of Je sus was the beginning of the Church. According to Robertson (2005), â€Å"As in the other gospels, the Twelve play a prominent role in Luke-Acts (p.273)†. The Servant LeaderRead More The Early Church Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past years of my life I have seen many changes, some for the good and others not as good. Change can be demanding and also crucial. The early believers would encounter this. One can see that significant change happened, when reading through the gospels and the book of acts it is obvious to the reader that the believers who followed Jesus would never be the same again. They had enjoyed a time of fellowship with Jesus and teaching from Him. But He was now preparing them to understand thatRead MoreThe Foundations Of The Canons1702 Words   |  7 Pagesrecalling events that took place during his time on earth. It is through the witness of the Spirit that man can determine the â€Å"wheat from the chaff.†() The early church had the writing of the Old Testament but did not have a formal set of canonized books regarding the Messiah to draw their inspiration from. Though they had letters from Apostles there were many heretical writings that were circulating throughout the lands that were teaching doctrine different from those who knew Christ personally.Read MoreThe Foundation of Orthodoxy and the Canon1447 Words   |  6 PagesThe Foundation of Orthodoxy and the Canon: There are several areas in the early church on essential issues such as the deity of Christ, nature, and humanity. This period of dispute was also characterized with the emergence of groups like Gnostics, which brought a completely new set of presumed beliefs to the faith that came alongside the faith and in total compromised tenets of the faith. These new beliefs were supposedly based on the truth of Christ’s teachings as presented to his followers.Read MoreEssay on The Pauline Epistles I1141 Words   |  5 Pagessuccess and Paul wrote this letter to further his position in the first letter and to address concerns that arose out of his previous epistles. The second Letter to the Church at Corinth is the supplement of the first. It is due to the same circumstances which called out the first, and to the effects that were produced in the church at Corinth by the receipt of the first letter. (Johnson) Biblical times were not the age of great strides in communication. Letters were very powerful means to conveyRead MoreThe Spiritual Gift Of Apostles And Prophets1087 Words   |  5 Pagesfoundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone† (Eph. 2:20). Nevertheless, the debate is still on going if the office of the apostles and prophets ceased during the â€Å"Apostolic Age† or if it has continued on to the present day. This research paper will offer the Charismatic Movement opinion that advocates the interpretation of modern day apostles and prophets. A history of Charismatic theology will be provided. A survey of modern-day apostles and prophets willRead MoreThe Book Of Acts By The Bible1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe Book of Acts is a book about the beginning of the first Christians and the growth of the Church. Acts explains how Christianity began and also spread about. It explains how Jesus used some of the apostles to teach thro ugh the Holy Spirit after ascending into Heaven. The writer of the Book of Acts is the apostle Luke, who gives us insight into the different things the disciples, mainly Peter and Paul, had went through during this time. Luke describes these instances but rarely indicates howRead More3.What Contribution Did Mrs 540 The Church To 120 C.E.701 Words   |  3 Pagesdid MRS 540 the Church to 120 C.E. make to your understanding of the church? For me, the course, MRS 540 The Church to 120 C.E had helped me understand the early parts of the ministry that Christ set here on here on Earth to spread the message of Hope, Love, and Compassion that can found within his Gospel Message. As a student of History, this course had For me pointed the many legends as I have learned within this course concerning the ministries and deaths of Christ s apostles abound, but thereRead MoreThe Foundation Of Orthodoxy And The Canon1188 Words   |  5 PagesOrthodoxy and the Canon Laurie Pelosi Liberty University Online History of the Church Submitted: April 8, 2016 1. This research paper is rich in documented history, but ultimately all who contributed to the New Testament understood that Jesus was the main influence. Our Christian Orthodox founder is Jesus and His word. After Jesus’s death and resurrection he promised the Apostles that the Holy Spirit would guide them in their missionary tasks. As promised, the beginningsRead MoreThe Book of Acts1338 Words   |  6 PagesBrief Overview of The Book of Acts Luke wrote the Acts of the Apostles as a follow-up to his Gospel account of the life of Christ. The Acts should be seen as a description of the ongoing work of Jesus Christ by the power of the Holy Spirit through His apostles and followers. Luke’s aim is to give an historical record of the early church from its birth in Jerusalem to how it reached around the world with the Gospel. Through this work Luke reveals that everything that was said previously about Jesus

The Death Of A Salesman - 857 Words

Some stories have stood the test of time. These stories are relatable are leave readers feared perplexed. Oedipus the King is the tragic story of a man whose figurative blindness at a young age lead to his literal blindness at an old age. The Death of a Salesman converts this to a modern society of a man who just wants to do good for his family but doesn t see the effect of his actions. Although 2400 years separate these stories, readers can still relate to both the same. The genre of tragedy is interpreted in many different ways. The Encyclopaedia Britannica describes tragedy as a, â€Å"branch of drama that treats in a serious and dignified style the sorrowful or terrible events encountered or caused by a heroic individual.† However if the individual is causing terrible events then it is easy to argue on whether he or she is actually a hero. First, it has be determined if a heroic character is one that does good to others or just one with a large amount of potential. However, if the author does not give an inside look into the character it is hard to tell if the character has the potential to make him a hero. Therefore, tragedies are usually intrepretted as a normal reader as a story with the favorable character coming to a tragic ending which is what happened in both Oedipus the King and Death of a Salesman. In both stories the main character was seen as having flaws but readers syphasize with the main character and therefore their destructi on is tragic. When the Oedipus theShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of A Salesman1496 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Today, the play The Death of a Salesman is celebrated in many theatres. The play is regarded as one of the finest dramas of American theater play. It was written in 1949 by an American playwright Arthur Miller. After the play was produced, it was first opened at the Morosco Theatre and starred Lee J Cobb as Willy Loman, Cameron Mitchell as Happy, Mildred Dunnock as Linda, Howard Smith as Charley and Arthur Kennedy as Biff. The play has been revived on Broadway four times and won manyRead MoreDeath of a Salesman990 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss â€Å"Death of a Salesman† as a film. How could this film be more film-like? The well known late 1980’s play Death of a Salesman was beautifully crafted and opened my mind up to the reality of some people’s fantasies. When I first began to watch the play, I had immediately noticed that it was a play and not a movie. Usually in a film, there is a hero, heroine, climax, something they are fighting for, and usually (nine times out of ten) a happy, heroic ending. This movie included none, atRead MoreDeath of a Salesman606 Words   |  3 PagesWilly Loman: Victim of the American Dream Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman tells the tale of Willy Loman, a man who falls from the top of the capitalism system in a resonant crash. Being controlled by his fears of the future, and stuck in his memories of the past, Willy fully contributes to his self-victimization by putting little blame on his own mistakes. Although Willy is perceived as selfish, it is important to see that he is misguided. His character is one of a common man, he has neverRead MoreThe, Death Of A Salesman909 Words   |  4 Pagesdesire to be the breadwinners of the family, wish to achieve only success, become unemotional and might take dangerous risk to prove manhood. Many feminist novels, plays or short stories such as Frankenstein, â€Å"A Dollhouse†, â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper†, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† showcase the ill effects of gender roles. Women had to fight to have the same advantages and opportunities that men possess. Before modern times, many people would believe that a woman s place is in the home but now it is common for the modernRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman1024 Words   |  5 PagesVictoria Gutierrez Professor Gilbreath Drama 10 6 April 2015 1026 Words The Death of A Salesman San Joaquin Delta College presented Arthur Miller s Death of A Salesman on Sunday the twenty-second of March at 2 o clock in the afternoon. This play is about a young man and his father coming to terms with the past and their futures. Willy Loman, an old salesman, is dealing with both financial and health difficulties. He is put under even more pressure when his unsuccessful son, Biff, returnsRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman859 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death of a Salesman is a heart-wrenching story of a man named Willie, and his fight for economic freedom. The story takes place in 1931, and it starts off with Willie’s faint memory of his father, who was a flute maker and a salesman. Willie is a sixty three-year-old salesman who has work his entire life to achieve the common goal of the American Dream. Nevertheless, while trying to achieve economic freedom he ends up becoming trapped in the process. Willie in a lot of ways, died before his carRead MoreDeath of a Salesman915 Words   |  4 PagesDefine The American Dream. In what way does Death of a Salesman point out the hopelessness of chasing this dream? Are there any rewards? The idea of the American Dream is truly subjective. To some, it is living in the lap of luxury in all aspects. To others, it is a chance at a better brighter opportunity for themselves or their families. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman portrays the promise of the American Dream in the form of opportunity, freedom, success and wealth; the ability to acquireRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman995 Words   |  4 PagesHope Miller’s play, The Death of a Salesman (1949) was about a family, and their struggles for the American dream. The family composition was not unlike that of an average family, a mom, a dad, and two children. Mom, Linda, tended to the house, oversaw the finances, as well as the lives of the remaining family members. Dad, Willy, supported the family as an on-the-road salesman. At first, Willy’s outbursts were confusing, but as I read the outbursts began to unfold the meanings buried in the storylineRead MoreDeath of a Salesman1187 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman There are some who would argue that it is precisely the ultra-capitalist mentality of individuals like Willy Loman that has propelled the American Economy to global dominance, but Arthur Miller’s classic work â€Å"Death of a Salesman† begs the question: at what cost? What does it do to a person, this desperate need to â€Å"be number one man?† Each of Willy’s sons draw a different lesson from his life and their assertions about how one should live offer a compelling choice for modernRead MoreDeath of a Salesman1278 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Flatley Flatley 1 Mr. Nevels English 102 June 17, 2010 The Struggle Within There is a complete descent into madness evident in Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman.† The struggle Willy Lowman has come to endure during a life of lies and false hope is portrayed very well by Miller’s use of dialogue, stage comments, prologue, and time and perhaps best shown by the use of dialogue and character interaction. By putting all of these elements to good use Miller paints a perfect picture as

Levels of Organizational Culture - 1739 Words

Introduction Levels of culture Organizational culture http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_visible_and_invisible_culture?#slide=2 There are Three levels in organization culture 1. Artifacts ïÆ'Ëœ Visible and feel able structure and process ïÆ'Ëœ Observed behaviour - Difficult to decipher 2. Expounds Beliefs and Values ïÆ'Ëœ Ideas, goals, value, aspirations ïÆ'Ëœ Ideologies ïÆ'Ëœ Rationalizations - May or may not be congruent with behaviour and other artifacts 3. Assumption ïÆ'Ëœ Unconscious, taken for granted beliefs and values - Determine behaviour, perception, thought, and feeling http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/leadership/9780470190609/the-three-levels-of-culture/artifacts Artifacts The level of artifacts at the surface, Aspect the organization culture that you can see, hear, and feel. Artifacts consist the visible products of the group, such that the architecture of it is physical environment; like technology, language, and products, style, embodied in clothing, manner of address, and emotional displays. Its myths story told about the organization Cultures. It is ceremony, values and observable rituals. The most important point to be made about this level of the culture is that it is both easy to observe and very difficult to decipher. The Egyptians and the Mayans both built highly visible pyramids, but the meaning of pyramids in each culture was very different. Expounds Beliefs and Values When a group is first created or when it faces a new task,Show MoreRelatedThe Soccer Club : A Professional Italian Association Football Club1608 Words   |  7 Pages Discussion Organizational culture is a crucial element of every organization; hence it comes as no surprise that it has received much scholarly attention. While it is impossible to summarize all research on organizational culture in a single piece, a number of fundamental studies must be noted. Ouchi (1980; 1982) compared organizations to clans having a strong culture to help them with goal incongruence and performance ambiguity. Barney (1986) proposed that organizational culture might be a sourceRead MoreOrganizational Culture Is The Most Important Variable That Influences The Organizational Performance1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthere is an unprecedented level of competition between rival firms (News.bbc.co.uk, 2016). Owing to this persistent rise in competition, organizations are faced with the dilemma of creating a viable competitive advantage. One way of developing such advantage is by constructing a captivating organizational culture. Organizational culture creates a unique identity that diversifies an organization from its opposition. Ogbonna Lloyd (p, 32, 2002) defines organizational culture as â€Å"the collective sumRead MoreEmployee Organizational Culture Essay667 Words   |  3 Pagescreate what is known as organizational culture. A strong culture constructs a unified employee atmosphere, whereas a weak culture lacks a shared sense of distinction between employees. An employee’s heritage or individual culture, although different than, affects the overall organizational culture of companies. Like society, sub-cultures exist within organizations. Formed by departmental function, geographical location, and/or the personalities of employees, sub-cultures include employees who continueRead MoreProcedures For Establishing Validity And Reliability. For1308 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Establishing Validity and Reliability For the Denison organizational culture survey instrument to be considered a valid instrument, that instrument â€Å"must first pass a psychometric test to make certain that individual respondents can discern the underlying structure proposed by the theory† (Denison, Nieminen, Kotrba, 2014, p. 27). Then, â€Å"the respondents within each†¦must show a high level of agreement in order to claim that organizational characteristics are being measured† (Denison, Nieminen,Read MoreRole Of Hrm Over The Period Of Time1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe report is an amalgamation of three patches of which, first, is a journal review of two human resources related articles: â€Å"Extending the Scope of Organisational Culture: the External Perception or an Internal Phenomenon† (MacIntosh and Doherty, 2007) and â€Å"Organisational Culture: An exploratory study comparing faculties’ perspectives within public and private universities in Malaysia† (Ramachandran, C hing and Ismail, 2010). This journal review is concluded by a reflection wherein the scholar expressesRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Organizational Culture1392 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Organizational culture is very important because it is all about the beliefs, philosophy, principles and morals that every individuals will share within an organization. Furthermore, organizational culture brings unity, loyalty, direction, competition and identity in an organizational and making it an influential element in the accomplishment of the organization. Therefore, it has a powerful influence on the individuals because it sways how employees should act, dress and execute theirRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Its Functions863 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Organizational culture involves systems of beliefs and values that guide the behavior of individuals within the organization and how they shape behavior (Kummerow, 2013). Organizational structures, on the other hand, dictate the assignment, coordination and control of roles and responsibilities to achieve organizational goals (Pathak 2011). For a company to perform effectively it needs to grow, organizational development is one element of growth that focuses on practice an research focusedRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Leadership Development1275 Words   |  6 Pagesdealing with individuals who are divergent to them. Similarly, as organizations progressively generate business associations with organizations whose cultures are different, employees may work with others who hold different views of what establishes effective functioning in an organization, and what relationships are existent between organizational factors and workplace effectiveness (Kwantes and Boglarsky, 2007). Knowing the importance of leadership in modern-day organizations, it is not shockingRead MoreORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE1123 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Culture consists of beliefs and behavior. It is cultivated behavior in the sense that it is learnt from the other members of the society. According to Henry Mintzberg, an internationally renowned author on Business and Management, â€Å"culture is the soul of the organization – the beliefs and values, and how they are manifested. I think of the structure as the skeleton, and as the flesh and blood. And culture is the soul that holds the thing together and gives it life forceRead MoreOrganisational Culture1310 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Is Organizational Culture? Organizational  culture refers to a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that show employees what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.[1] These values have a strong influence on employee behavior as well as organizational performance. In fact, the term organizational culture was made popular in the 1980s when Peters and Waterman’s best-selling book In Search of Excellence made the argument that company success could be attributed to an organizational

Changing Landscape of Unions Free Essays

CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF UNIONS BUS 372 Employee Labor Relations November 9, 2011 CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF UNIONS At the inception of unions, its members consisted of â€Å"blue-collar† workers concentrated in the manufacturing sector. Today, only about 35% of union members remain in this sector, requiring unions to expand beyond manufacturing to broaden their membership ranks. Unions are undergoing new developments to increase membership. We will write a custom essay sample on Changing Landscape of Unions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Entering into the twenty-first century unions will emerge into a new dimension. The labor union is constantly changing, experiencing a decline in membership, losing influence and power but through experience and careful planning things change. Unions have gone through dramatic changes over the past century. The changing landscape of the unions is not only coming from decline in membership but from modern technology also. In order to show that they can change things have to change. Unions need to have the ability to show that they can effectively get their influence back, increase membership, and power. In the last century unions have been successful at negotiations especially when it came to bargaining agreements on behalf of their members. Union membership has evolved it a big way in the 21st century. No one can dispute labor’s staying power, given the labor movement’s deep penetration into virtually all the traditional parts of our economy and it continuing hold on these areas (Sloane, Witney 2011 p. 20). Local unions at times have engaged in a variety of social, educational, and community activities. Union leaders realize that the welfare of their members depends on part on a progressive and well-run community. Having vital interest to the schools since union leaders must pay taxes to operate the schools that their member’s children attend. This will lessen the tension between management and organized labor. Many local unions also conduct regularly sponsored and generally effective educational programs this important since more skilled workers are needed (Sloane, et al 2010 p. 180). With new technology that changes every year it is better to keep members well trained for more skilled jobs. Union’s support of the latest technology will help workers keep their jobs instead of hiring new workers into their workplace. Unions’ purpose is to increase wages and influence better job conditions for all its members. Jobs have moved work from this country to other countries only because they can make more profits from lower wages and more productivity. So with this in mind the labor union can raise hourly wages, better benefits, increase bargaining power and better working conditions, although it seems easy which it will not be but this can help keep American workers with jobs and stop business from going overseas and other foreign countries. Unions can propose to keep manufacturing sector such as plants, factories operating in the United States. Keep manufacturing equipment and parts in the States so more workers cannot be laid off. Stop using manufacturing products from other countries and start a campaign to only use American made products. Getting the members that they already have to come aboard as a force to be reckoned with on one accord the more numbers the more force. Today there are several major organizations under one company umbrella a large number of unions thru mergers such as AFL-CIO, SEIU, UAW just to name a few representing workers (Sloane, et al 2010 p. 18). These unions have come to understand and address issues that are important to their member in the workplace. Unions can reform to increase their membership by campaigning and adventuring outside of the normal places to get new members to join. Unions have given a voice to their many members concerning fair wages, safety, benefits, health care, and training. Unions can continue to support the training programs that will keep their members up to date with modern technology. This would help businesses from wanting to go over to other countries why should a business go somewhere else when they will have qualified workers here eager to keep up with the new technology that change all the time. This will also increase membership when the union is willing to train members especially ones that have not joined yet. This can prevent job displacement. Unions can make a win-win situation for unions and businesses by having more trained workers that can adapt to the ever changing technology in the workplace. Since the changing landscape is not only coming from low membership but new technology. Unions can try to recruit new members so that they can have more bargaining power so that jobs cannot be shifted overseas because of lower wages. The more jobs that the United States can provide the more employees can keep their jobs. Global competition is growing many unions have sought to offset this handicap by banding together for contract negotiations purposes in what is known as coordinated bargaining. This universally denotes the presentation of united union front at the bargaining table and often also involves common union demands (Sloane et al 2010 p. 218). Unions can reform by using reverse tactics, keep corporations from operating in various countries, get control over the combination of tax concessions, control the lower-cost labor abroad, and get more control over accessibility to vital material. Get control over the expanded employment that is going across the U. S. Unions can get together and stop workers from being displaced and passing higher cost to consumers. This will give unions more effective power of collective bargaining agreements to keep manufacturing facilities, keep members, and jobs. Today’s collective bargaining sessions have no place for the uninformed, the inept, or the unskilled (Sloane et al 2010 p. 234). Unions must do everything to survive in this next century by giving member what they want and keeping goals that they have set for each other. Reference Sloane, A. A. , Witney, F. (2010). Labor relations. 13th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Pearson Educational, Inc. 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Flinder Valves free essay sample

In early May 2008, talk began between president of Flinder Valves, Bill Flinder and Tom Eliot, chairman and CEO of RSE about a possible acquisition of Flinder Valves by RSE. The industrial manufacturing industry had taken a hit due to rough economic times and the acquisition made sense. Both leaders were very concerned about the challenges and risks of the deal. Flinder was a company that engineered and manufactured specialty valves and heat exchangers. These products required extensive research and development and they were one of very few firms working in these types of applications. A bullk to FVC’s sales came from defense and aerospace applications. They were known for their prime contracts and engineering excellence. Sales have continually grown for FVC and from 2007 to 2008 they jumped up over 23%. After going public in 1996, Auden, a distributor for FVC came to them with proposals of a merger but a deal was never made. FVC has been approached by numerous firms but no deals have gone through. Lately, FVC has drawn more attention from us with the disclosure of their new project, the widening gyre. We feel as though if this technology takes off and is applied could bring value ranging from $5 to $15 million. VALUATION From RSE’s analysts and accountants due diligence, we have come to the conclusion that we believe FVC to be valued around $186.4 million. Our procedures for coming up with this value was based on the sales projections from 2008-2012 that FVC has provided for us. We used a discount rate of 3.2%. The percentage used was based on the growth rate of GDP and what numerous other sites suggest the industrial manufacturing industry is growing at. We are also under the assumption that FVC’s cash flow projections are correct. However, we are very skeptical of FVC’s projected growth. From 2003 to 2007 their sales increased by a total of 36% over the period. Their projections from 2008 to 2012 reflect a 51% increase over the period. Now, we understand that they are not accounting for the widening gyre in these projections, so what exactly are they basing these projections off? We would need to see the introduction of numerous new products to accept these cash flows as relevant. While running the transaction multiples analysis we evaluated net sales, operating income and cash flows from other mergers within the industry. We calculated the means and medians and used those in our valuation of FVC. When calculating net sales we came up with a range high of $78.1 million and low of $71.3 million. With operating income we came up with a range high of $166.4 million and low of $151.1 million. The last factor we looked at was cash flows and came up with a range high of $89.2 million and low of $79.6. The next valuation method we used was the market multiples analysis. We took the average of similar companies in the industry, multiplied it by our earnings per share, at $2.28, which gave us a value of $42.29. We then multiplied that number by the number of shares, at 2,440,000, which gave us a value of $103.2 million. Due to FVC’s current market cap at $100 million, we feel as though this a very accurate value for them. ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES While we not only valued FVC, we also have to take into major consideration the advantages and disadvantages. These can have major impacts on the future earnings and health of a company. We feel as though the biggest advantage to the acquisition would be the collaboration of our engineering teams. While our collaboration has lacked in the past, FVC’s has excelled and has become industry leaders. With improved engineering and products, we can begin to cross-market and sell our products with FVC’s to further increase our revenues. Because FVC is a more specialized company, by acquiring them we can diversify ourselves and lessen our risk of competitors. Another big advantage will be the lower cost of materials from our suppliers saving more on cost of goods sold and improving our bottom line. We will also be able to implement our new resource management system that will save $1.5 million in the first year and $3 million the years after. A couple disadvantages we found with the acquisition would be an increase of debt or decrease in cash holdings, depending on how we decided to fund the acquisition. Some people within our company worry about the dilution of our shares. We currently have close to 63 million shares outstanding and acquiring an additional 2.4 million will not dilute our earnings. Another concern we have is how well FVC employees will be able to adapt to our company culture and size of our company. FVC is a smaller, more entrepreneurial company and we are cautious of the risk that FVC engineers work ethic and productivity could change due to working for a bigger firm with a different cultural environment. As for some alternatives to not reaching a deal, we feel as though it would be best to reinvest money back into RSE or invest in other projects. Our RD department has been extremely weak the past two years and we could benefit from investing in that. There have not been any recent new innovations within the company, and with reinvestment into the RD department, we are confident that new innovations will be right around the corner. RSE has had their eyes on many other companies in the industry so we will not rule out possible acquisitions of those companies as an alternative to FVC. RISKS We are aware of a few risks with this possible merger that concern both companies. One of our main concerns is the preservation of relationship between the two companies. If a deal is not reached or an offer is made that might offend either party, we do not want our relationship with FVC to deteriorate. A transaction risks that we have addressed is the possibility of environmental fluctuations during the negotiation process. If we wait too long to reach a deal, others in our industry could be gaining ground on us. The exchange rates could change and affect our foreign sales. There are multiple financial risks that we face. One of the biggest risks we fear is overpaying for FVC and they happen to under-perform how we anticipated. Our shareholders will be very displeased and will likely not support future acquisition inquiries. Another risk we face when acquiring FVC is that Auden will pull out of his position as our distributor. Auden accounts for 15% of FVC’s sales, which would definitely hurt our cash flows if we take them on. Some operational risks that we fear are assimilating FVC into our company. Though we still want them to operate as independent entity, we want them to adopt some of our processes as well. We fear that some of these processes might not be adopted at first and will be costly to implement. All of these mentioned risks that have been addressed out could have a potential negative, inverse effect on the future cash flows of FVC. GOALS From our perspective, we hope that many things can be accomplished whether we reach a deal or not. First off, from RSE’s side we would like to acquire FVC at the lowest reasonable price possible. Regardless of whether we reach a deal, we would like to preserve the relationship with FVC. We feel as though if a deal is not reached, both companies can add value by learning from each other. During the negotiation we will keep an open mind to new information coming from FVC and adjust our models accordingly. We do not want to let our emotions get involved in this negotiation. We will stay true to our quantitative analysis and take qualitative information into consideration when we feel it is appropriate. When entering the negotiation we intend to come in with as much knowledge as possible. Our due diligence and research of FVC will help us accomplish this goal. We believe that FVC’s goals in this negotiation are to preserve the relationship, as well, and to settle the deal at a high price. FVC will likely want to keep the same engineering practice standards versus letting them be watered down with ours. They would like to remain as independent as possible from us to ensure their brand is not lost within ours. NEGOTIATING STRATEGY Our strategy for this negotiation is to enter with a reasonable, low offer which we believe is around $103.2 million. We base this off our market multiples valuation and industry average price/earning ratio. We will put that offer on the table to FVC and see what their next move is. By starting low, this strategy gives some wiggle room. Our absolute highest walk-away price will be based on DCF analysis. The value we came up for that is $186.4 million but we will walk away somewhere around $175-$180 million range. On a per share basis we came up with $42.29. For a walk away per share basis, we came up with $76.40. We fully intend to listen to FVC’s valuation with open minds, but also feel as though our prices are very solid and accurate. We will stick to our quantitative analysis and be stern with our offers.

Types of Meaning free essay sample

Leech gives primacy to conceptual meaning because it has sophisticated organization based on the principle of contrastiveness and hierarchical structure. E. g. /P/  can be described as-  voiceless + bilabial + plosive. Similarly Boy = + human + male-adult. 2/Associative meaning The associative meaning of an expression  has to do with individual mentalunderstandings of the speaker. They, in turn, can be broken up into six sub-types:connotative, collocative, social, affective, reflected and thematic Collocative meaning is the meaning which a word acquires in the company of certain words. Words collocate or co-occur with certain words only e. g. Big business not large or great. Collocative meaning refers to associations of a word because of its usual or habitual co-occurrence with certain types of words. ‘Pretty’  and  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhandsome’indicate  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgood looking’. However, they slightly differ from each other because of collocation or co-occurrence. The word  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpretty’  collocates with –  girls, woman, village, gardens, flowers, etc. On the other hand, the word  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhandsome’  collocates with –  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœboys’ men, etc. so  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpretty woman’ and ‘handsome man’. 7) Thematic Meaning: It refers to what is communicated by the way in which a speaker or a writer organizes the message in terms of ordering focus and emphasis . Thus active is different from passive though its conceptual meaning is the same. Various parts of the sentence also can be used as subject, object or complement to show prominence. It is done through focus, theme (topic) or emotive emphasis. Thematic meaning helps us to understand the message and its implications properly. For example, the following statements in active and passive voice have same conceptual meaning but different communicative values. e. g. 1)  Mrs. Smith donated the first prize )  The first prize was donated by Mrs. Smith. In the first sentence  Ã¢â‚¬Å"who gave away the prize  Ã¢â‚¬Å"is more important, but in the second sentence  Ã¢â‚¬Å"what did Mrs. Smith gave is important†. Thus the change of focus change the meaning also. Sense relations,,,, Sense relations are paradigmatic relations between words or predicate s of the same syntactic categories, which can replace one another without violating the grammatical rules; or in other words, those relations reveal the semantic choices available at a particular structure point in a sentence. Two major types of sense relations can be distinguished: * Sense relations of inclusion, esp. yponymy  and  synonymy * Sense relations of exclusion, esp. complementarity  and  antonymy Synonymy is the relationship between two words that have the same sense. This is a strict definition of synonymy – the identity of sense. Some linguists, however, consider synonymy a similarity of meaning Hyponymy is a sense relation between lexemes such that the meaning of one lexeme is included in the meaning of the other. Antonymy is a sense relation in which oppositeness of meaning is observed. There are many pairs or groups of words, which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike or spelled alike, or both. Such words are called homonyms. Polysemy refers to the phenomenon in which one and the same word has more than one meaning. Semantic field Semantic field is a term to refer to the phenomenon that vocabulary is an integrated system interrelated in sense and can be divided into semantically related sets or fields. Words in each semantic field defines one another, Sense and reference†¦. Frege is said to be the first person to set out the difference between sense and reference in a systematic form, and it is from his writing that the terms first arise. Reference Reference is a part of meaning. Assume that there are three trees in a field. Each tree has a unique reference. Each branch on each tree has a unique reference. And each leaf and the field have a unique reference. There are two ways we can look at reference. The first is physical in that each atom and electron has reference whether it can be seen or not. The second is perceptual: this means how we see objectsdo we see them as an object or not? We will take the latter approach. Reference also includes imaginary objects: unicorns, leprechauns, Santa Claus, Hades, elves, eternal bliss, and so forth. This would also include objects which currently do not exist but could exist: a King of France, dinosaurs, a five-cent ice-cream cone, and so forth. Sense Sense is the more interesting part meaning. Sense refers to how we see an object or the amount of information given about an object. The classic example cited showing the distinction is the planet Venus. As a planet it has reference arbitrarily given the name Venus. It is often called the morning star when seen in the morning, and the everning star when seen in the evening. Thus, it has two senses, depending on the time of day the object is seen. The planet itself is the referent, the morning star is one sense, the evening star the other sense. It could have other senses. Theories of meaning,,,, Different theories of meaning can be distinguished, according to how they deal with the relation between words, concepts and things in the world, and the conventions that are constitutive of this relation. Referential theories are concerned with the relation between expressions and the external world. The referential theory is used to explain our knowledge of linguistic meaning, but makes no claim about how we actually know how linguistic expressions acquire meaning. In other words, it makes no psychological claims. A referential theory of semantics assumes that MEANING IS REFERENCE TO FACTS OR OBJECTS IN THE WORLD The Ideational Theory of Meaning This theory was developed by the British empiricist philosopher, John Locke. The theory explains that the meaning attached to words can be separated from the word themselves. This means that meaning originates in the mind in the form of ideas. Words are just sensible signs for the convenience of communication. Language is therefore, a mechanism for expressing thoughts and thought is viewed as a succession of conscious ideas. The ideational theory is mentalistic. Thus the meaning of a word is the mental image or idea of the word or the expression generated in the mind of the speaker or hearer. The ideational theory is perceived to be abstract or imprecise because of dependence on mental images for decoding the meaning of words. Ideas may be too vague to comprehend. There are also many words (especially the abstract ones) that do not have specific physical realities, let alone mental manifestations. It is unthinkable that the mind can create an image of what the senses cannot perceive. The theory may not be able to account for synonymous expressions. It may also be difficult to use the theory to explain the mental image conjured by sentences. Indeed, sentences derive their meaning more from the word order. The prototype theory was proposed by Eleanor Rosch. She suggested that when people categorize items they match them against the prototype, or ideal exemplar, which contains the most representative features inside the category. Objects that do not share all the characteristics of the prototype are still members of the category but not prototypical ones. She argued that prototypes represent a basic level of categorization, e. g. chair, as opposed to a superordinate, e. g. furniture and a subordinate level, e. g. kitchen chair. The prototype theory has been particularly fruitful in providing several researchers with a convenient explanation of some phenomena in studies of vocabulary acquisition and teaching, mental lexicon, as well as in studies of cognitive linguistics and linguistic data. It has also been suggested that categorization based on prototypes is the basis for human development, and that this learning relies on learning about the world via embodiment. Componential analysis, also called feature analysis or contrast analysis, refers to the description of the meaning of words through structured sets of semantic features, which are given as â€Å"present†, â€Å"absent† or â€Å"indifferent with reference to feature†. The method thus departs from the principle of compositionality. Componential analysis is a method typical of structural semantics which analyzes the structure of a words meaning. Thus, it reveals the culturally important features by which speakers of the language distinguish different words in the domain (Ottenheimer, 2006, p. 20). This is a highly valuable approach to learning another language and understanding a specific semantic domain of an Ethnography. Denotation and connotation,,,, Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary definition. ? For example, if you look up the word snake in a dictionary, you will discover that one of its denotative meanings is any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles? Khaving a long, tapering, cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions. Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meanings of a word exist together with the denotative meanings. The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger. Denotation is an act of denoting or indicating something. denotation means the literal definition of a wordfrom the notation. connotation means the associations of a wordwith the definition. Connotation means implication, intention or imagination with a specific thing or person. Collocation†¦ A collocation is a combination of words that are commonly used together; the simplest way of describing collocations is to say that they ‘just sound right’ to native English speakers. Other combinations that may mean the same thing would seem ‘unnatural’. Collocations include noun phr ases like ‘stiff wind’ and ‘weapons of mass destruction’, phrasal verbs such as ‘to get together’ and other stock phrases such as ‘the rich and famous’